Crimes, Homelessness, Mental Disorders

Introduction The health and well being of the youth are vital to a country’s future. The Australian government’s efforts to build an improved society are ambitious. Australian policy makers have set determined targets for a better future for its young populace with the help of policies and initiatives (AIHW, 2011). Numerous initiatives are in place to ensure the physical and emotional health and wellbeing of young Australians (AIHW, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Crimes, Homelessness, Mental Disorders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, several problems in the Australian society have become a serious cause for concern, specifically because these problems have a direct impact on the future of the young people and consequently the future of Australia. Of these, the important issue of the high rate of crimes among young Australians is particularly pressing. If the Australian government a spires to achieve its ambitious goal of making Australia an ideal country with minimal problems, it will first have to seek the cause for criminal activities among young Australians. Two important causes for increased criminal activity among young Australians are homelessness and mental disorders. Homelessness itself is seen rising in Australian children; the government is well aware that in order to meet its goals for a better society for the youth by 2020, it will need to address the root cause of these issues (Victoria Government Department of Human Services, 2010). Without identifying the causes and effects of homelessness and mental health on Australian youth it will be difficult to effectively address the issue of crime among young Australians. This report identifies the causes of criminal activity among the young people of Australia, a major hurdle in achieving a better society for youth by the year 2020. This research seeks to explicate the two most important causes of crime among young Australians; identifying and addressing these issues will help in achieving the targets for a better Australian youth society by the year 2020. Literature Review Youth offense is a cause for serious concern, not only because of the harm it causes to society but also because the offenders facing juvenile detention and imprisonment could be associated with more serious crimes later in life (Makkai Payne 2003). Youth and adolescence is a period of rapid growth and bodily change. Puberty is the period when several hormonal changes take place which impacts adolescent behavior and attitude.Advertising Looking for report on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The escalating rates of drug abuse and crime among the young people of Australia, are an indicator of the serious social and psychological problems they face (Eckersley 2008). The image below shows the estimate of young people in prison between the ages o f 18 years to 24 years (2009). Some of the factors impacting criminal activity in young people are low socioeconomic status, low educational achievement, physical and mental health problems and a past history of child abuse and neglect (Kenny et al. 2006; NSW Department of Juvenile Justice 2003; Stewart et al. 2002). Homelessness, child abuse/neglect and youth crimes Recent data and studies clearly point to a link between homelessness, child abuse and criminal activity (AIHW, 2011). Statistics indicate that annually, about 100,000 children and young Australians seek homelessness services of which, 70,000 are wanted by the police for some form of criminal activity. About 14,500 are placed in juvenile detention centers (AIHW 2011). The Australian government is committed to reducing the rate of homeless by 50% by the year 2020 (Jean, 2012). The concern for the large number of homeless youth in Australia has become widespread. In a news article, Peter Jean (2012) points to the connecti on between homelessness and crime. He refers to a report by the AIHW which investigated the association between child protection, homelessness and juvenile justice. He mentioned the results of the report stating that 15% of the juvenile youth had been homeless a year prior to their criminal activity. Jean (2012) stated that about 30% of the homeless population are young people below the age of 18 years. The number of homeless young Australians is indeed alarming and have a history of broken families, neglect and abuse.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Crimes, Homelessness, Mental Disorders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In compliance with the above report, several studies indicate the strong relationship between child abuse and criminal activity (Stewart et al. 2005). The National Youth Commission (2008) affirms that homeless children are more likely to be found in child protection systems. Further studies als o affirm that many of the young juvenile offenders did not have a family or home support system (Kenny Lennings 2007). Weatherburn Lind (2006) found that children with a history of neglect and abuse have lived with parents who rank low on the socioeconomic scale and were unable to adequately supervise their children, resulting in delinquent behaviors among children. The likelihood of homeless children being involved in child protection systems was found to be greater. Such children had very little scope of education and were associated with survival crimes such as thefts (Cashmore, 2011). The NSW Department of Juvenile Justice (2003) confirms that mental and physical health problems and substance abuse were found to be higher in children and adolescents who had been placed under juvenile supervision. Kenny and Lennings (2007) also found that these children have extremely low levels of educational attainment. Mental health – Prevalence, statistics and causes 50% of the young population of Australia has found to be affected by a mental health disorder (Begg et al., 2007). About 24% of the young Australian are affected by anxiety and depression (Begg et al., 2007). Researchers have investigated the factors affecting the mental health of young Australians between the ages of 16 and 24 years. The primary reasons for poor mental health in young adults were developmental and physical factors such as brain damage prior to birth, low level of intelligence, disability of the mind or body, lack of social skills and lack of self esteem (DHAC 2000). Mental health studies also found the impact of family violence, homelessness and poverty on the mental health of young people (Correa-Velez et al. 2010).Advertising Looking for report on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More specifically, lack of harmony within the family, child abuse, neglect and parental substance abuse were found to have a major negative impact on the mental health of children and adolescents (Patel et al. 2007). These studies certainly link the occurrence of mental health disorders among youth to homelessness, abuse and neglect. Mental health and Crime A report conducted by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW, 2010) found that young prisoners have severe mental health issues and substance abuse problems. In this report of the National Prisoner Health Census, the first of its kind to be conducted, young prisoners between the age of 18 years to 24 years were reviewed. It was found that some inmates were severely affected by mental health issues when they entered the prison. About 33% of the young prisoners had been informed by a mental health practitioner about their mental health problem. 27% of the young prisoners were using mental health services prior to comi ng to prison and within the prison. 16% of the young prisoners had been prescribed medication for their mental health illness. This report establishes the link between mental health illness and criminal activity among the young Australian offenders. Discussion There is a clear association between â€Å"abuse and neglect, homelessness and juvenile crime† (Jean, 2012). Homelessness is a serious problem in Australia causing a number of issues – social, physical, psychosocial and mental. The percentage of the young homeless in Australia is very high and still increasing. This rise in homelessness is in a way directly proportional to the rise in rates of crimes across Australia. In a study conducted by Chamberlain and MacKenzie (2008) it was estimated that the total number of homeless youth in 2006 were 32,400, all of them between the ages 12 years to 24 years. Totally, they accounted for 31% of the total homeless population of Australia. The image below shows the estimated number of young homeless people in Australia in 2001 and 2006. The youth of a nation are representative of its growth and development and play a vital role in its progress. With concrete data on the association between social factors such as homelessness and juvenile criminal activity, policy makers should focus on strategies to address these issues in order to effectively implement strategies for a better future for the Australian youth by 2020. Conclusion Eradication of serious problems like youth crimes necessitate serious intervention strategies. Achieving the targets for 2020 is an ambitious initiative of the Australian government. Identification of the factors such as homelessness and mental health disorders on criminal activity of young people will help in creating policy initiatives to address these issues. With appropriate measures, the government will be successful in creating a better society of focused and centered Australian youth by the year 2020. Reference List Aust ralian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2011, Young Australians: Their Health and Wellbeing 2011, Cat. No. PHE 140, AIHW, Canberaa. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2010, The health of Australia’s prisoners, 2009. Cat. no. PHE 123. AIHW, Canberra. AIHW 2011, Juvenile justice in Australia 2008–09, Cat. no. JUV6, AIHW, Canberra. Begg, S, Vos, T, Barker, B, Stevenson, C, Stanley, L, Lopez, A. 2007, The burden of disease and injury in Australia, 2003, AIHW, Canberra. Cashmore J 2011, ‘The link between child maltreatment and adolescent offending: systems neglect of adolescents’, Family Matters, vol.89, pp. 31–41. Chamberlain C MacKenzie D 2008, Australian Census analytic program: counting the homeless, 2006, ABS cat. no. 2050.0, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra. Correa-Velez, I, Gifford, S, Barnett, A. 2010, ‘Longing to belong: social inclusion and wellbeing among youth with refugee backgrounds in the first three years in Melbourne’, Social Science and Medicine, vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 1399–1408. DHAC (Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care) 2000, Promotion, prevention and early intervention for mental health—a monograph, DHAC, Canberra. Eckersley, R 2008, Never better – or getting worse? The health and wellbeing of young Australians, Australia 21 Ltd, Canberra. Jean, P 2012, Homelessness and crime link: study, https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6163481/homelessness-and-crime-link-study/ Kenny, D, T, Nelson, P, Butler, T, Lennings, C, Allerton, M, Champion, U, 2006. NSW young people on community orders health survey 2003–2006: key findings report, University of Sydney, Sydney. Kenny, D Lennings, C, J 2007. The relationship between head injury and violent offending in juvenile detainees, NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research,. Sydney. Makkai, T Payne, J 2003, Drugs and crime: a study of incarcerated male offenders, Research and pu blic policy series no. 52, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra. Marshall, J 2006, Juvenile offending trajectories: a South Australian study, Office of Crime Statistics and ResearchNIMH, 2001, Adelaide. National Youth Commission 2008, Australia’s homeless youth: a report of the National Youth Commission Inquiry into Youth Homelessness, National Youth Commission, Brunswick Victoria. NSW Department of Juvenile Justice 2003, NSW Young People in Custody Health Survey: key findings report, NSW Department of Juvenile Justice, Sydney. Patel, V, Flisher A, J, Hetrick, S McGorry P ,2007, ‘Mental health of young people: a global publichealth challenge’, The Lancet, vol. 369, no. 9569, pp. 1302–1313. Stewart, A, Dennison, S Waterson, E 2002, Pathways from child maltreatment to juvenile offending, Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice no. 241, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra. Stewart, A, Dennison, S Hurren, E 2005. Juvenile offendin g trajectories: pathways from child maltreatment to juvenile offending, and police cautioning in Queensland, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane. Victoria Government Department of Human Services. (2010). A Better Place Victorian Homelessness 2020 Strategy. Victoria. Melbourne. Weatherburn, D Lind, B 2006, ‘What mediates the macro-level effects of economic and social stress on crime?’, The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 384–397. 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Coco Chanel, Famed Fashion Designer and Executive

Coco Chanel, Famed Fashion Designer and Executive Gabrielle Coco Chanel (August 19, 1883–January 10, 1971) opened her first millinery shop in 1910, and in the 1920s she rose to become one of the premier fashion designers in Paris. Replacing the corset with comfort and casual elegance, her fashion themes included simple suits and dresses, womens trousers, costume jewelry, perfume, and textiles. She is particularly known for introducing the world to the iconic little black dress as well as a perfume, Chanel No. 5, in 1922. It is, to this day, one of the most famous perfumes of all time. Fast Facts: Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel ï » ¿Known For: Founder of the House of Chanel, creator of the Chanel suit, Chanel jacket, and bell bottoms, Chanel No. 5 perfumeAlso Known As: Gabrielle Bonheur ChanelBorn: August 19, 1883 in Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, FranceParents: Eugà ©nie Jeanne Devolle, Albert ChanelDied: January 10, 1971 in Paris, FranceAwards and Honors: Neiman Marcus Fashion Award, 1957Notable Quotes: A girl should be two things: classy and fabulous. ... Fashion fades, only style remains the same. ... Fashion is what one wears oneself. What is unfashionable is what other people wear. Early Years and Career Gabrielle Coco Chanel claimed to be born in 1893 at Auvergne, but she was actually born on August 19, 1883, in Saumur, France. According to her version of her life story, her mother worked in the poorhouse where Chanel was born and died when she was only 6, leaving her father with five children whom he promptly abandoned to the care of relatives. She adopted the name Coco during a brief career as a cafe and concert singer from 1905 to 1908. First a mistress of a wealthy military officer and then of an English industrialist, Chanel drew on the resources of these patrons in setting up a millinery shop in Paris in 1910, expanding to Deauville and Biarritz. The two men also helped her find customers among women of society, and her simple hats became popular. The Rise of a Fashion Empire Soon, Coco was expanding to couture and working in jersey, a first in the French fashion world. By the 1920s, her fashion house had expanded considerably, and her chemise set a fashion trend with its little boy look. Her relaxed fashions, short skirts, and casual look were in sharp contrast to the corset fashions popular in the previous decades. Chanel herself dressed in mannish clothes and adapted these more comfortable fashions, something that other women also found liberating. In 1922, Chanel introduced a perfume, Chanel No. 5, which became and remained popular, and remains a profitable product of Chanels company. Pierre Wertheimer became her partner in the perfume business in 1924, and perhaps also her lover. Wertheimer owned 70% of the company; Chanel received 10 percent and her friend, Thà ©ophile Bader, 20 percent. The Wertheimers continue to control the perfume company today. Chanel introduced her signature cardigan jacket in 1925 and iconic little black dress in 1926. Most of her fashions had a staying power and didnt change much from year to year- or even generation to generation. World War II Break and Comeback Chanel briefly served as a nurse during World War II. Nazi occupation meant the fashion business in Paris was cut off for some years; Chanels affair during World War II with a Nazi officer also resulted in some years of diminished popularity and an exile of sorts to Switzerland. In 1954, her comeback restored her to the top ranks of haute couture. Her natural, casual clothing including the Chanel suit, once again caught the eye- and purses- of women. She introduced pea jackets and bell bottom pants for women. In addition to her work with high fashion, Chanel also designed stage costumes for such plays as Cocteaus Antigone (1923) and Oedipus Rex (1937) and film costumes for several movies, including Renoirs La Regle de Jeu. Katharine Hepburn starred in the 1969 Broadway musical Coco based on the life of Coco Chanel. A 2008  television  movie  Coco  Chanel starred Shirley MacLaine portraying the famous designer around the time of her 1954 career resurrection. Death and Legacy Chanel worked right up to the time she died. Though she was ailing and in declining health by the early 1970s, she continued to direct her company. In January 1971, she began preparing the spring catalog for her firm. She took a long drive on the afternoon of January 9 and then went to bed early, feeling ill. She died the next day, January 10, 1971, at the Hotel Ritz in Paris, where she had lived for more than three decades. Chanel was worth a reported $15 billion when she died. And though her career had its ups and downs, her legacy in the fashion industry is assured. In addition to perfumes and the little black dress, Chanel helped popularize costume jewelry, trousers, tweed jackets, and short hair for women- all of which were considered fashion no-nos before Chanel came onto the scene. The company also created such iconic items as black bouclà © jackets, two-tone ballet pumps, and an array of quilted handbags. Designer Karl Lagerfeld took the reins at Chanel in 1983 and lifted the company back to prominence. He ran Chanel right up until his death on Februry 19, 2019, as the companys creative director.  Virginie Viard, Lagerfelds right-hand woman for more than three decades, was named to succeed him. Chanel is a private company owned by the Wertheimer family and continues to thrive; it reported sales of nearly $10 billion for the 2017 fiscal year. Sources Alkayat, Zena.  Library of Luminaries: Coco Chanel: An Illustrated Biography. Illustrated by Nina Cosford. 2016.Garelick, Rhonda K.  Mademoiselle: Coco Chanel and the Pulse of History.  2015.

Lifecycle of a successful nightclub Research Paper

Lifecycle of a successful nightclub - Research Paper Example Nightclub goers seek fun, refreshment, entertainment, food, and accommodation. A successful club should have the potential to attract new club goers and maintain the patronage of the occasional club goers. As such, the nightclub should situate in a secure location and possess the required club and liquor license. At the same time, the nightclub should possess a unique â€Å"club† mood that makes it stand out from the rest. Most importantly, the employees of the nightclub should be hospitable. Notably, several factors affect the nightclub life cycle and nightclubs go through different development stages to become successful. Indeed, some nightclubs are more popular than others are as seen in the Marquee’s case study where Marquee succeeded where other clubs failed. Hence, there is need to understand the basics of the nightclub business and its lifecycle for enhancing a longer profitable life of a club. Body 1 The personnel of operating a nightclub as seen in the Marqueeà ¢â‚¬â„¢s case study involves managers, security people, bar backs, waiters and waiters, door attendants, bartenders, and a DJ (Elberse et al., 2009). For a nightclub owner to establish a successful nightclub, it is necessary for them to try other forms of entertainment like restaurants to understand the entertainment business (Klebanow, 2007). Indeed, Tepperberg and Strauss were initially event promoters where they established a good customer base that later came to Marquee nightclub. Moreover, there is need for clear bar business concept for the nightclub. Additionally, we should do a market research (Earth Bar, 2013) to derive a clear understanding of the nightclub business (Klebanow, 2007) just as Tepperberg and Strauss spent their time in major hotel, restaurant, or club opening in Vegas. More so, for a successful nightclub we should not be mean in spending (Klebanow, 2007) and should strive to create attractive and appealing environments. As such, there is need for adequate spa ce, amenities, lighting, parking, and other club aspects. Indeed, we can see how Marquee stood on a space that was functional and efficiently laid out to accommodate drinking, entertainment, dancing, and special events (Elberse et al., 2009). Notably, a successful nightclub should cater for different types of people as seen in the case of Marquee, which had three separate spaces for professionals, socialites, filler crowd, and bottle service customers who were mostly celebrities. Indeed, the club has seven different kinds of bars located in the main room, the library, and the Boom box area (PartyLasVegas.us, 2013). Notably, to sufficiently carryout these operations, there is need for a well-trained staff (Earth Bar, 2013) to offer hospitable, excellent, and clean services. Indeed, we can see that Marquee had trained staff, which offered exceptional services, which made the nightclub a one-stop shop for hospitality in New York (Elberse et al, 2009). A professional DJ to provide enter tainment and play the right music is also very significant in a nightclub. Marquee had invested heavily on a top class DJ. Most assuredly, any nightclub must offer a wide variety of alcoholic drinks to its different types of customers. Notably, Marquee offered different alcoholic